創業需要多少錢（一）

Beverly Diltz
Depends entirely on the type of small business. Accurate cost cannot be estimated as it totally based on the nature and size of the business you wanted to open. Depending on the type of business and what kind of investment is required will finalize the actual cost needed for small business. Small business can be started by offering services as well that sometimes doesn’t require any investments.

這完全取決于小企業的類型。準確的成本是無法估計的，因為它完全基于你想要開啟的業務的性質和規模。根據企業的類型和需要什么樣的投資將最終確定小企業所需的實際成本。小企業也可以通過提供服務起家，這些服務有時不需要任何投資。

Jake McCoy, I'm a serial entrepreneur with several successful companies

杰克·麥考伊，我是一個連續創業者，擁有幾家成功的公司

No offense but this is a poorly written question. It's like asking “How much to eat a meal?”
Perfect example. I'm a micro business serial entrepreneur. I founded, and operate about ten different extreme niche companies. Mostly in the luxury lighting industry; and synthesizers. (Long story).
Last week I opened another company. It cost me a grand total of $135 , Three days later I did a two day project that paid $2,875. Zero expenses, I did it on my phone sitting in my living room. (I'm an expert on antique high value chandeliers, and I just opened a mini consulting business aimed at an extremely niche clientele; estate attorneys who are contesting asset uations).

無意冒犯，但這問題問得真的很糟糕，就像在問“一頓飯吃了多少錢？”
完美的例子。我是一個小微企業連續創業者。我創建并運營了大約十家不同的極端小的公司。主要是在豪華照明行業以及合成器行業（說來話長）。
上周我又開了一家公司，總共花了我135美元，三天后，我做了一個為期兩天的項目，賺了2875美元，零開支—我坐在客廳里用手機做的。（我是一名老式高價值枝形吊燈方面的專家，我剛剛開了一家小型咨詢公司，目標客戶非常小眾—對資產評估有異議的地產律師）。

My friend - You really and honestly don't need any money. Two years ago I opened a company selling a special crystal polish to antique stores. I make it myself. The entire production “factory” is under my kitchen sink. I make & sell less exactly 5 gallons per month. It takes me several hours to make a batch, less than $3 in materials for all five gallons plus the spray bottle. And I sell it for $60/quart. A scam? Hardly. I've had the same clients for ten years. It's my own recipe and it works perfectly. My marketing costs? In nearly a decade I've invested a staggering total of $79 into one ad, one time, on one antique forum. I only wanted a dozen steady customers. I've netted over $150k thus far from a company that I operate while I'm slow cooking brisket for my monthly family dinner.

我的朋友，你真的不需要錢。兩年前，我開了一家公司，向古董店出售一種特殊的水晶拋光劑，我自己做的。整個生產“工廠”都在我的廚房水槽下面。我每月生產和銷售不到5加侖。我花了好幾個小時做一批，五加侖加上噴霧瓶的材料不到3美元，我以每夸脫60美元的價格出售。騙局？幾乎沒人這么認為，我給同樣的客戶提供服務已經十年了。這是我自己的秘方，效果非常好。我的營銷成本？近十年來，我在一個古董論壇的一則廣告上投入了令人震驚的79美元。我只想要一打穩定的顧客。到目前為止，到目前為止，我已經從我經營的公司中凈賺金額超過15萬美元，而與此同時我在為我每月的家庭晚餐慢煮牛胸肉。

Million dollar secret: (Literally). It's far far far easier to become successful, and make lots of money doing ONE thing extremely well. And the more bizarre and tiny it is, the better you'll do. Why? Because most guys dream of having a thousand men in a thousand trucks with their name on billboards.
Fuck that. I discovered when I was a child that making extremely strange sounds on a synthesizer for radio commercials was a genuine career. Then I figured out how to play all the types of piano chords used in pop songs. I didn't learn how to be a great piano player. I just figured out how to play those chords really well. I made my first million before I was 21. People still hire me to make goofy sounds and play the piano on records. Which ones? Can't tell you. Because I'm a “ghost player”. Other people get credit for my work. You see, my ego isn't tied to it. My ego is tied to having nice things.
But, on the other hand, if you want to start a submarine manufacturing company, then you need many many millions.
So you need to be way more specific when you ask questions like this because there's literally hundreds of thousands of answers.

百萬美元的秘密：（字面意思）。把一件事做得非常好，就很容易成功，賺很多錢。而且這件事越奇怪、越小，你做的就越好，為什么？因為大多數男人都夢想著能有一千個人開一千輛卡車，廣告牌上還寫著他們的名字。
去他媽的。當我還是個孩子的時候，我發現在廣播廣告的合成器上發出非常奇怪的聲音是一種真正的事業。然后我學會了如何彈奏流行歌曲中使用的所有類型的鋼琴和弦。我沒有學會如何成為一名偉大的鋼琴演奏家。我剛剛想出了如何把和弦彈得很好。我在21歲之前就賺到了第一個一百萬?，F在還有人雇我來制造傻傻的聲音，用唱片演奏鋼琴。哪一些？這我就不能告訴你。因為我是個“幽靈玩家”。其他人因我的工作而得到贊揚。你看，我的自我與之無關。我的自尊心與擁有美好的事物息息相關。
但是，另一方面，如果你想創辦一家潛艇制造公司，那么你需要數百萬美元。
所以，當你問這樣的問題時，你需要更具體一些，因為有成百上千的答案。

Tom Bergman, Ph.D., C.P.A., Engineer, Entrepreneur, & Owner, Ear Plug Superstore.

湯姆·伯格曼，博士，注冊會計師，工程師，企業家，耳塞超市老板。

As the others have said, it all depends… Allow me to suggest a little deeper response. Since you are asking this obviously trivial question (no offense intended…it is just a superficial, overly general question,) clearly, you have not yet delved into the concept of what it means to start a business.
Before you have any need to know what it will cost to start a business, you first need to know what resources you have. I would highly recommend that you perform a deep dive into developing a personal inventory, but first begin with why you might want to start a business, and be specific: how much profit do you want and need to meet your personal goals for the business? Do you just need enough to get out of debt? …enough to send your kids to college? …$200 a week? …become a millionaire for ego purposes? What is it exactly that you want from a business?
Once you have an understanding of what you want and need from a business, write it down. Set it in stone. This is your goal. You will need to refer back to it often. It will become your touchstone; absolutely critical for getting you through the tough times that inevitably will come your way.

正如其他人所說，這一切都取決于……請允許我給出一個更深層次的回答。既然你問的問題很顯然是一個微不足道的問題（無意冒犯，這只是一個膚淺、過于籠統的問題），那么你顯然還沒有深入研究創業意味著什么。
在你需要知道創業的成本之前，你首先需要知道你擁有什么樣的資源。我強烈建議你做一個深入的個人清單，但首先從你為什么想要創業開始，并且要具體說明：你想要多少利潤，需要多少利潤才能實現你的個人目標？你需要足夠的錢來還債嗎？足夠的錢供你的孩子上大學嗎？每周200美元？純粹為了想成為百萬富翁？你到底想從企業中得到什么？
一旦你了解了你想從一家企業得到什么和需要什么，就把它寫下來。把它寫下來。把它固定在石頭上。這就是你的目標，你需要經?；仡櫵?。它將成為你的試金石，這絕對是幫助你度過不可避免的困難時期的關鍵。

The next step is to take inventory: what do you own? …house, car, second home, retirement account, family willing to provide funding, tools, workplace, etc. Next, what is your nut? How much do you have to have to make ends meet every month? Can you adjust anything? Can you sell something, get a second job, move things around, change homes, trade your car with payments for one without, dump the cable bill, take your meals at home to save money, whatever?
Now, what do you know how to do? …and what are you willing to do? Will you work 50 hours a week? …80?, more?, less? Get real. If you have never run a restaurant, and you want to pursue a restaurant, I highly recommend that you get trained first. Don’t go to school for that. Go to work in restaurants of the kind you think you want to own. Learn all the jobs by doing them. As a bonus, you get paid for working while you are learning. Whatever the business, follow this principle: work in that kind of business before you try to strike out on your own. This piece of advice will save you countless dollars and a world of grief. Know what you are doing before you start any business.

下一步是盤點：你擁有什么：房子、汽車、第二套住房、退休賬戶、愿意提供資金的家庭、工具、工作場所等。接下來，你的問題是什么？你每個月需要多少錢才能維持收支平衡？你能調整一下嗎？你能賣掉東西，找到第二份工作，搬家，換房子，用你的車換一輛幾乎不需要花錢的車，扔掉有線電視賬單，在家吃飯省錢，無論什么都可以嗎？
你知道怎么做嗎？你愿意做什么？你一周工作50小時或者80嗎?, 更多或少點，要真實。如果你從未經營過餐廳，而且你想弄一家餐廳，我強烈建議你先接受培訓。不要因為這個去上學，而是去你想擁有的餐館工作。通過實踐學習所有的工作。作為獎勵，你在學習的同時也能得到報酬。無論做什么生意，都要遵循這個原則：在你想開創自己的事業之前，先進那一行去干。這條建議將為你省下無數的金錢和無盡的悲傷。在你開始任何生意之前要知道你在做什么。

There is no point in pursuing a business idea if you are not in a position to carry it through. You will only fail for lack of resources, lack of motivation, or lack of skill. Set yourself up for success and you will succeed.
So, once you have taken this personal inventory, then you can begin to ask what it will cost to start a business, and now you will have an understanding of the question. Knowing your goal for the business, you can reject all those opportunities that cannot meet your needs. Knowing your resources, you can reject all those businesses which you know you are not prepared to run. Knowing your motivations, you know too, if you will be able to muster the effort required to be successful.

如果你不能堅持到底的話，追求商業理念是毫無意義的。你只會因為缺乏資源、缺乏動力或缺乏技能而失敗，為成功做好準備，你就會成功。
所以，一旦你弄出了這份個人清單，你就可以開始問創業需要多少成本，現在你就可以理解這個問題了。了解自己的業務目標，你可以拒絕所有無法滿足自己需求的機會。了解自己的資源，你可以拒絕所有你知道自己沒有準備好經營的生意業。了解自己的動機，你知道的夠多了，如果你能全力以赴的話，生意才能成功。

Jeremy Hamilton, HR Officer at Microsoft (2014-present)

Jeremy Hamilton，微軟人力資源主管(2014-至今)

Every single day people are on here telling others to start cleaning/thermal imaging/lawn care/snow removal/pressure washing/ handyman business, because "it'll cost you less than a $100 to start, no one else does it because they're too lazy".
I ran a Pressure washing business for 18 months, sold it to start a thermal imaging/inspection/energy auditing company, before that I had a HVAC company, my brother owns a general contracting and roofing business I've been heavily involved with and I recently helped my unemployed sister start her own business.
I want to give you folks a real life look into what it takes to start ANY service business.

在這里每天都有人告訴其他人開始清潔/熱成像/草坪護理/除雪/壓力清洗/雜工業務，因為“開始的成本不到100美元，沒有人去做是因為他們太懶了”。
我做了18個月的壓力洗滌生意，然后賣掉了它，創辦了一家熱成像/檢查/能源審計公司，在此之前，我有一家暖通空調公司，我哥哥擁有一家總承包服務和屋頂施工業務公司，我全身心投入其中，最近我幫助失業的妹妹創辦了自己的企業。
我想讓你們看看真實的生活，看看開創服務業需要什么。

Yes, you can go out a rent a $50 wet vac and show up to someones house and clean their carpet. However, with an advertising budget of zero you're likely only getting family / friends or random people on craigslist. Let me tell you something about craiglists, it's where cheap people go to find someone to do something for them.
So Joe from Craiglist calls you up and wants his house cleaned, you go to the rental place and pick up a wet vac, that's $50, plus the $5 in fuel you used to get it and go home, then you raid your moms cleaning supplies and take $30 worth of cleaners, rags and whatever else you figure you'll need. You hop back in your car and spend another $10 in gas traveling to and from the job, and craigslist joe pays you $150. Let's say it took you 2 hours, you drop off the vacuum and head home. So you spent $100 in fuel, materials and rental costs but you made $50, $25 an hour is good money. Your moms pissed you used the last of her febreeze and she's yelling at you when Joe calls. Joes dog is sick because of the random chemicals you used that you had no idea about are not pet safe and you didn't clean them up well enough (they left that part out in the youtube video). The contract you wrote up yourself or found online (if you even did that) holds zero weight in court against Joes lawyer and now you're on the hook for $3500 worth of vet bills and $2500 in legal fees plus your name is plastered all over facebook.

是的，你可以租一臺50美元的濕真空吸塵器，到別人家里清潔地毯。然而，如果廣告預算為零，你很可能只能在克雷格網站上做家人/朋友或隨機碰到的人的業務。讓我告訴你一些關于克雷格網站的事情，小氣的人會去那里找人為他們做點什么。
克雷格網站的Joe打電話給你，想讓你把房子打掃干凈，你花50美元去租一臺濕真空吸塵器，加上5美元燃料，然后你回家你掃蕩走你媽媽的清潔用品，拿走價值30美元的清潔劑、抹布和任何你認為需要的東西。你快速回到車里，在往返工作的路上再花10美元買汽油，克雷格網站的Joe付給你150美元—假設你花了兩個小時，歸還吸塵器后回家。所以你在燃料、材料和租金上花了100美元，但你賺了50美元，每小時25美元也是不錯的。你用了她最后一點空氣清新劑，你媽媽很生氣，喬打電話來時她對你大喊大叫。喬的狗因為你隨機使用的化學物質而生病，你不知道它們對寵物不安全，你沒有把它們清理干凈（他們在油管視頻中漏掉了這一部分）。你自己寫的或在網上找到的合同（如果你真的這么做了）在法庭上對Joes的律師沒有任何影響，現在你要支付價值3500美元的獸醫賬單和2500美元的法律費用，而且facebook上到處都是你的名字。

Will this happen every time? No. In 18 months of pressure washing I had one major screw up that ended in me losing $2200. It would have been a lot worse but I had my brother contracting company to lean on to do the repair to the wall I damaged for about half of what it would have costed me. Plus, I was lucky that the owner was happy with me paying for the repair and not charging him for the job I was doing when it happened, then hiring another company to come finish the job as he no longer trusted me to do it. There's actually a good chance you'll never come across a Joe and nothing bad will ever happen while you're starting out. But, all it takes is one time and you're ruined. Everyone on this subreddit seems to leave that out.
From my experience, you shouldn't offer to do any service for anyone UNLESS you have three things:
The skills to do it
Insurance
Proper tools

這種情況每次都會發生嗎?不。在18個月的壓力清洗中，我犯了一個嚴重的錯誤，導致我損失了2200美元。情況可能會更糟，但我有我的兄弟承包公司來修理我損壞的墻，花費大約是我所花費的一半。另外，我很幸運因為店主對我支付修理費并且在事故發生時我做的事情沒有找他要錢而感到高興，然后他雇傭了另一家公司來完成這項工作，因為他不再信任我來做這件事。實際上，在你開始的時候，你很有可能永遠不會遇到喬這樣的情況，也不會有什么不好的事情發生。但是，只要一次，你就完蛋了—這個subreddit（社交新聞網站 Reddit 的子版塊）上的每個人似乎都忽略了這一點。
根據我的經驗，你不應該為任何人提供任何服務，除非你有三件事：
做這件事的技巧；
保險；
合適的工具。

Without those three things you're putting yourself and others at risk. If you're dead set on starting cheap, start small. VERY SMALL. Rent a pressure washer and ONLY clean driveways with no cars in them. Turn down every job that wants you to wash a house, or a boat or a transport truck. Anything that could be easily damaged. Keep doing these small jobs on the evenings and weekends until you have enough money to buy your own pressure washer and insure your business.
I'm going to use my home inspection business as an example of the real costs of running a service business. I'm in Canada, so these prices are in Canadian Dollars.
Truck: I have my own truck, it costs me $500 a month for the lease, $145 for commercial insurance (covers my truck and the tools in it), and I average $450 in fuel a month (fuel is $1.10/L here, that's $4.40 a gallon). Wear and tear means nothing to me because it's a lease, I'll bring it back in three years and get a new one.
Insurance: General Liability costs me $1200 a year, this is way less than most because I have almost no exposure as a home inspector. Pressure washing was more like $3800 a year. I also have Errors and Obmissions insurance which is only really for inspectors but it runs me $2600 a year.Monthly, my insurance is about $220.

如果沒有準備好這三方面，你就會把自己和他人置于危險之中。如果你一心想以低價起步，那就從小處著手，而且非常小的方面。租一臺高壓清洗機，只清潔沒有車的車道。拒絕所有想讓你洗房子、船或運輸卡車的工作和清洗那些任何容易損壞的東西。在晚上和周末繼續做這些小眾工作，直到你有足夠的錢買自己的壓力清洗機，并為你的生意投保。
我將以我的家檢業務為例來說明經營服務業務的實際成本。我在加拿大，所以這些價格是以加元計價的。
卡車：我有自己的卡車，每月租金500加元，商業保險145加元（包括我的卡車和車內工具），我平均每月450加元（這里的燃油是1.10加元/升，也就是每加侖4.40加元）。磨損對我來說毫無意義，因為這是租約，三年后我會把它還回去，換一輛新的。
保險：一般責任險每年花費1200加元，這比大多數情況都要少，因為我幾乎沒有做過家庭檢查員。壓力清洗每年大約3800美元。我也有錯誤和任務保險，這只適用于檢查員，但我每年要花2600加元。每月，我的保險費大約是22加元。

Advertising: I spend 5%-10% of my profits on marketing and advertising. When I first started it was more like 25%. Clients don't just magically show up and ask if you can rent a vacuum and come clean their house. Craigslist isn't some free advertising worm hole and connects you with everyone looking for a service.
Tools and clothing: Last year I spent $3500 on tools and branded clothing for my company. That's pennys compared to most people but I had a lot of what I needed for home inspections from other business, or I just took it from my brother and told mom to tell him not to get mad at me. That works to. Either way, every shirt I have has my logo on it, every jacket, sweater, hoodie etc all has my logo on it. I own 12 pairs of the same work pants so that I look the same at every job and people remember me. I purposely rock a black shirt and navy work pants because it's ugly and people remember that. All this stuff costs money, and people are willing to pay more when you look professional.
Consumables: Guess what.

廣告：我把利潤的5%-10%花在營銷和廣告上。剛開始，這個比例大概是25%?？蛻舨粫{空出現，問你能不能租個吸塵器來打掃他們的房子?？死赘窬W站并不是一個免費的廣告漏洞，它將你與所有尋找服務的人聯系起來。
工具和服裝：去年我為公司購買了3500加元的工具和品牌服裝。與大多數人相比，這是一分錢，和大多數人相比，這是一大筆錢，但我從其他企業那里得到了很多家檢所需的東西，或者我只是從我哥哥那里拿過來，并讓媽媽告訴他不要對我生氣。這對我很有用。不管怎樣，我的每件襯衫上都有我的標志，每件夾克衫、毛衣、連帽衫等等都有我的標志。我有12條同樣的工作褲，這樣我在做任何工作時看起來都一樣，人們也會記住我。我特意穿了一件黑色襯衫和一條海軍藍的工作褲，因為它很難看，而且人們會記得。所有這些東西都要花錢，當你看起來很專業的時候，人們愿意付更多的錢。
耗材:猜猜看。

I could sit here for days listing off things people never think of, phone bills that are higher than normal, utility bills higher than usual because you're now heating your garage so that your stuff doesn't freeze in winter, work boots, PPE, gloves, costs related to having a website, accountants, licensing fees and continued learning. All these things ad up.
For my current business, a bare bones rough estimate for monthly expense is around $2200 a month. I ALWAYS over shoot this.
Now, I'm not saying you can't make some extra cash mowing lawns or shoveling snow. I know lots of people who started out working weekends for cash and I know lots of people still doing it. However, you have to be smart about it. Like I said above, start small and stuff all the money you're making in a shoe box. once that box is full then you can go buy some tools, keep doing small stuff and once it's full again get insured and get advertising.

我可以在這里坐上好幾天，列出人們從未想過的事情，比正常情況更高的電話費，比平常更高的水電費，因為你現在正在給車庫供暖，這樣你的東西在冬天就不會結冰，工作靴，個人防護裝備，手套，與網站相關的費用，會計師，許可費和繼續學習的費用，所有這些事情都很重要。
就我目前的業務而言，粗略估計每月的開支大約是2200美元，我總是拍會超支。
現在，我并不是說你不能通過修剪草坪或鏟雪賺到額外的錢。我知道很多人開始在周末打工賺錢，我也知道很多人現在還在這樣做。然而，你必須聰明一點。就像我上面說的，從小事做起，把賺來的錢都塞進鞋盒里。一旦箱子裝滿了錢，你就可以去買一些工具，繼續做一些小事情，一旦它再次裝滿了，你就可以去買保險，做廣告。

I've watched my brothers lawyer absolutely ruin people for doing unlicensed contracting work. I've seen first hand how one slip up can cost you thousands of dollars. I've seen companies go belly up because of bad tools or products that ended up damaging someone property or hurting someone, all because they didn't really know what they were doing.
The most important thing to take away from this little Saturday afternoon read is not that you shouldn't get out there and try. It's that you need to be smart and know what you're doing. Get the proper training, get the right tools and do things right the first time. Don't be one of the dozens of craiglist dudes who are willing to mow grass for $20. I felt the need to write this because lately everyone seems to think starting a service business is as simple as getting a job and doing the work. So much more than that goes on behind the scenes and it's really a delicate balancing act of risk and reward. Do your research and do it right.

我親眼看到我的兄弟處理法律事務毀了別人就因為其做無照承包工作。我親眼目睹了一次失誤是如何讓你損失數千美元的。我曾見過一些公司因為糟糕的工具或產品而破產，這些工具或產品最終損害了某人的財產或傷害了某人，而這一切都是因為他們不知道自己在做什么。
從這個周六下午的閱讀中，最重要的事情不是你不應該出去嘗試。而是你需要變得聰明，知道自己在做什么。接受適當的培訓，使用正確的工具，在第一時間就把事情做好。不要像那些在克雷格網站上賣20美元割草服務的家伙一樣。我覺得有必要寫這篇帖子，因為最近似乎每個人都認為，創辦一家服務企業就像找到一份工作并付諸實踐一樣簡單。幕后的工作遠不止這些，這是一種風險與回報之間的微妙平衡。做好研究，并采取正確的方式。