由于出生率直線下降，日本農村地區的學校關閉
Schools close across rural Japan as birth rate plummets
譯文簡介
最后2名學生畢業后，學校面臨關閉...
正文翻譯
湯本初中最后兩名學生Aoi Hoshi和Elita Sato將于2023年3月31日畢業。這所學校加入了日本近幾十年來關閉的數千所學校的行列。根據政府數據，由于該國的出生率迅速下降，日本每年約有450所學校被迫關閉。 政府批準的提高出生率的措施尚未在農村地區產生效果，例如湯本所在的地區。
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When there are more teachers than students in the graduation photo...
畢業照里老師比學生多的時候...
I remember watching a video similar to this but about a train. There was only a single girl who rides that train to her school. After she graduates, that train line will be closed because there are no passengers except her.
Huge respect to them for not closing down the schools and trains even if there are only very few students remaining. In most countries, those students will be forced to transfer to another school.
我記得看過一個與此類似但是是關于火車的視頻。 只有一個女孩乘坐那列火車去她的學校。 她畢業后，那條火車線將關閉，因為除了她，沒有其他乘客。
非常尊重他們，即使只剩下很少的學生，也沒有關閉學校和火車。在大多數國家，這些學生將被迫轉學到另一所學校。
I'm just wondering... Why they keep the trains and buses running if there's only a couple of students?
A Taxi would be faster, cheaper, more enviromentally friendly and more comfortable. (I know japanese are really introverted so that last one can be debatable.)
我只是想知道...如果只有幾個學生，他們為什么要讓火車和公共汽車繼續運行？
出租車會更快、更便宜、更環保、更舒適。（我知道日本人真的很內向，所以最后一點值得商榷。）
@Kaltsukka taxi is cheaper? nahh it's way more expensive
出租車便宜嗎？ 不，它更貴。
@Kaltsukka if you think taxis are cheaper and greener than trains then there's something wrong with your country.
如果你認為出租車比火車更便宜、更環保，那么你的國家肯定出了啥問題。
@takoyaki Yeah, but if the government pays for it, it doesn't matter. I'm just talking about from the logistics perspective.
是的，但如果政府為此買單，那沒關系。我只是從后勤的角度來談這點。
@Kaltsukka Depends on the train, I'm pretty sure most trains in Japan are electrically powered so it wouldn't cost as much nor environmentally hurt than having someone use a taxi.
這取決于火車，我很確定日本的大多數火車都是電動的，所以它不會花費很多，也不會像乘坐出租車那樣對環境造成（更多）傷害。
@s. . One taxi is much much cheaper and greener than a train. Train becomes cheaper and greener when there are 500 passengers in it. One train is of course cheaper and greener than 500 taxis. But if there is only one passenger, one taxi is much cheaper and greener than a train. I am shocked you don’t see this. It’s so obvious. Same with a bus. One bus with 30 passengers is cheaper and greener than 30 cars. That’s why public transportation is the better alternative. But if there is always one passenger in the bus, one car would be cheaper and greener than a bus. You need a large scale to make public transportation cheaper and greener than individual vehicles.
一輛出租車比火車便宜得多，也更環保。當有500名乘客時，火車變得更便宜、更環保。 一輛火車當然比500輛出租車更便宜、更環保。但如果只有一名乘客，那一輛出租車比火車便宜得多，也更環保。我很震驚你沒有認識到這一點，這太明顯了。公交車也一樣。一輛載有 30名乘客的公共汽車比30輛小汽車更便宜、更環保。 這就是為什么公共交通是更好的選擇。 但如果公共汽車上總是只有一名乘客，那么一輛小汽車會比公共汽車更便宜、更環保。 你需要大規模地使用，才能讓公共交通比單個車輛更便宜、更環保。
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This is a big debate here in Japan: What to do with these financially unviable railroad lines all across the nation?
Sure, students use them to commute, but is that really an only reason to maintain an expensive line? Railroads cost way more money to maintain than roads.
JR East recently released financial data on the least used railroad lines for FY2019, and the data is staggering. One especially remote section of Kururi Line, a JR East railroad line in Chiba (not too far from Tokyo), costs ￥15,546 just to earn ￥100 profit. You don’t need to be a mathematician to see where this is going. And this data is from before COVID, so the numbers are worse now most likely.
Local city/town governments wouldn’t want JR East to cease railroad service because they think railroad lines are a status symbol in a way. But JR East is a privatized company, with shareholders. How would you explain keeping these unprofitable lines to them? Why can’t JR become nationalized again? Because Japan National Railway was in such a huge debt that breaking up into several privatized companies in 1987 was decided by the government. That debt is still being repaid, 36 years after privatization…
Besides, almost everyone in the countryside here in Japan uses cars anyway.
這是日本的一場大辯論：如何處理全國范圍內這些經濟上不可行的鐵路線？
當然，學生們使用它們通勤，但這真的是維持昂貴線路的唯一原因嗎？鐵路比公路要花更多的錢來維護。
東鐵最近發布了2019財年使用最少的鐵路線的財務數據，數據很驚人。位于千葉（離東京不遠）的東鐵久留里線的一個特別偏遠的路段，花費了15546 日元才能賺取100日元的利潤。你不需要成為一名數學家就能知道這是怎么一回事。而且這些數據是疫情之前的，因此現在的數字很可能更糟糕。
當地的市/鎮政府不希望東鐵停止鐵路服務，因為他們認為鐵路線在某種程度上是一種象征。但東鐵是一家私有化的公司，擁有股東。你如何向股東他們解釋保留這些無利可圖的線路的原因？為什么東鐵不能再次國有化？由于日本國家鐵路公司負債累累，1987年政府決定分拆為幾家私有化公司。私有化36年后，這筆債務仍在償還中....
此外，日本農村幾乎每個人都使用汽車。
@Kaltsukka Taxi is way more expensive. A ticket from a train station to the station of the school would probably cost 120 to 240 yen tops. But if you commute daily from a specific station to another they have a special discount for students/employees. Considering all things a trip using trains and buses with the discount would cost 150 to 300 yen daily. A taxi would start counting once you get in from 740 yen (640 in Osaka) and the same trip to school would cost 1000 to 1500 yen daily. The prices may have changed due to inflation this was back in 2018.
出租車要貴得多。 （坐火車）從一個車站到學校站的車票，大概要120到240日元。 但如果你每天從一個特定的車站到另一個車站，他們會為學生/員工提供特別折扣?？紤]到所有，使用折扣乘坐火車和公共汽車出行，每天將花費150至300日元。乘坐出租車從740日元（大阪為 640 日元）起步開始計算，而同樣去學校的行程每天要花費1000到1500日元。價格可能因通貨膨脹而發生變化，這是2018年的。
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People, specially government officials, need to understand that population decline isn't just about people being "lazy" and not wanting to have children, it has to do with financial costs, medical attention, mental health, work culture, accessibility, and many, many other factors. There are plenty of people who would love to have a family but can't for any of the reasons I listed above. Who could've thought that improving life quality would have better results than forcing people to pop out some babies?
人們，特別是政府官員，需要明白人口下降不僅僅是因為人們“懶惰”和不想生孩子，它還與財務成本、醫療、心理健康、工作文化、容易達成性等諸多方面，以及很多其他因素有關。 有很多人希望擁有一個家庭，但由于我上面列出的任何原因之一而實現不了。誰能想到提高生活質量會比強迫人們生孩子有更好的效果呢？
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I lived in a village about an hour away from this place and it was a similar story with the total number of students dropping year on year. The two middle schools in the area I worked at actually combined into one a few years after I left since one of the schools only had 30 something students across 3 grades.
It's a real shame that the rural areas just don't have the people to support a more local school. It's such a great place to live overall.
我住在離（視頻）這個地方大約一個小時路程的一個村莊，這是一個（和視頻中故事）類似的故事，學生總數逐年下降。 我工作的地區的兩所中學實際上在我離開幾年后合并為一所，因為其中一所學校只有30多名學生，分布在3個年級。
農村地區沒有足夠的人來支持更多的本地學校，這真是一種恥辱。 總體而言，那里是一個非常適合居住的地方。
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What village? Very interesting, may I ask how you speak English so fluently?
什么村子？ 很有意思，請問你是怎么把英語說得這么流利的？
When my dad was a kid in west Texas 90 years ago, the town he lived in had around 250 people. There were several such tiny towns in that rural area. One of those towns had a school, and a couple of buses circuited around those towns to pick up kids to take to that school. That's how it's always been in sparsely populated rural areas.
90 年前，當我父親在德克薩斯州西部還是個孩子時，他居住的小鎮大約有250人。那個鄉下地區有好幾個這樣的小鎮，其中一個城鎮有一所學校，幾輛公共汽車繞著這些城鎮轉，來接去那所學校的孩子。人煙稀少的農村歷來如此。
It’s crazy they keep mentioning the birth rates but never mentions the work culture in Japan that is killing the birth rate. Really shows the priorities of policymakers.
他們一直提到出生率，卻從未提及日本正在扼殺出生率的工作文化，這真是太瘋狂了。 這真地顯示了政策制定者的優先關注點。
always remember that policymakers are backed by huge companies...
永遠記住，政策制定者是由大公司支持的....
Two major things to note about Japan’s falling birth rate:
1. Toxic work culture makes it harder to start a family.
2. Declining birth rates in developed nations is a well-documented phenomenon. Most countries counteract the lower birth rates through immigration, however Japan has not embraced this option.
關于日本不斷下降的出生率，有兩點值得注意:
1. 有毒的工作文化讓組建家庭變得更加困難。
2. 發達國家出生率下降是一個有據可查的現象。大多數國家通過移民來抵消低出生率，但日本并沒有接受這一選擇。
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That has nothing much to do with the birth rate. In the 1970s, Japanese people worked much longer hours and were paid less than now, but the birth rate was more than twice the current rate. Incidentally, Finland, which is said to have the best work-life balance in the world, has a lower birth rate than Japan. In other words, there is no guarantee that the birth rate will increase if the working environment is improved.
這與出生率沒有太大關系。 在1970年代，日本人的工作時間比現在長得多，工資也比現在低，但出生率是現在的兩倍多。 順帶一提，被稱為世界上工作與生活最平衡的芬蘭，出生率低于日本。 換句話說，如果改善工作環境，并不能保證出生率會提高。
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Immigration will not improve the situation, I'm sure the WEF would love nothing more than to dump a million Syrians or Ukranians or Somalians right in the center of Tokyo one day, but mass immigration invariably causes social division and hostility between host groups and new groups. Yeah birth rates are declining, but I think its a natural consequence of Japan's rapid expansion.
移民不會改善這種情況，我敢肯定，世界XX聯合組織最喜歡的，莫過于有一天將一百萬敘利亞人、烏克蘭人或索馬里人扔在東京市中心，但大規模移民總是會導致東道國群體與新移民群體之間的社會分裂和敵意。是的，出生率正在下降，但我認為這是日本快速擴張的自然結果。
Immigrants are not a answer to low birth rates. You're just replacing natives with colonizers.
移民不是解決低出生率的辦法。你只是在用殖民者取代當地人。
This problem isn't just limited to Japan. I grew up in rural area and my classroom was full. Now twenty years on they have less than half a dozen per class, two pupils in one case and the school is in danger of closing. Meanwhile families are encouraged/forced to move to big cities and towns where classes are jam packed and housing costs are sky high. Sad to see a school that's been open for a hundred years close.
這個問題不僅限于日本。我在農村長大，我（上學時）的教室里是滿滿的?，F在二十年過去了，（學?，F在）每個班只有不到六個人，有一個班只有兩個學生，學校面臨關閉的危險。與此同時，家庭被鼓勵/被迫搬到班級擁擠、住房成本高昂的大城市和城鎮?？吹揭凰_校一百年的學校關閉，我很難過。
sad to hear this.
聽到這個真的很難過。
From experience and from seeing and hearing from others. The Japanese are a closed culture. You may visit, but you are an outsider. Even if you have lived there 5-10 years. This is also why many leave.
來自（我個人的）經驗以及從其他人那里看到聽到的：日本文化是一種封閉的文化。你可以參觀訪問那里，但你只是個局外人—即使你在那里住了5-10年。 這也是很多人離開的原因。
Japan really needs to get it together and stop forcing people to work themselves to death. This isn't a big issue right now, but this could be catastrophic in the future.
日本真的需要團結起來，停止強迫人們工作至死。 現在這不是什么大問題，但將來可能是災難性的。
It's the same even in supposedly freer society in EU and N.A. I don't know always blame work and cost of living.
You simply disprove these theories when you realise poorer people snd nations have more children despite working longer.
即使在歐盟和北美所謂的更自由的社會中也是如此。我不知道為什么人們總是責怪（日本的）工作和生活成本。
當你意識到更窮的人和國家盡管工作時間更長，但孩子更多時，你就會推翻這些理論。
The birthrates in wealthy countries are lower than poorer countries is because people in wealthy countries have more access to education and contraceptives. In the wealthier countries we als have things like pensions so there is no need for the children to take care of their parents as much as in Africa, that's why families in poorer countries are typically way larger.
富裕國家的出生率低于較貧窮國家，是因為富裕國家的人有更多機會獲得教育和避孕藥具。 在較富裕的國家，我們也有養老金之類的東西，所以孩子們不需要像在非洲那樣照顧父母，這就是為什么較貧窮國家的家庭通常要大得多。
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This is really the result of young Japanese people not wanting to have children. These days many young Japanese don’t even want to get married. It’s a trend worldwide because we have so many other ways to spend our free time rather than raising kids. Japan’s issue is exacerbated by the long life expectancy so there are tons of old people too.
這真是日本年輕人不想生孩子的結果。如今，許多日本年輕人甚至不想結婚。 這是一種全球趨勢，因為除了撫養孩子，我們還有很多其他的方式，可以來度過我們的空閑時間。日本的問題更加嚴峻，是因為（日本的）預期壽命很長，因此也有大量老年人。
I'm in Nagoya now. Ihe amount of youths here is quite staggering, as though Japan almost has no problem with birthrates at all. The youths need cities to thrive in because more job opportunities with high incomes are there, not in rural areas. The problem that needs to be solved first is the high-cost living. Like Korea & China now, the Japanese are reluctant to have children because everything in Japan is freaking expensive. Even if you live in the countryside, you still have bills & rentals which don't come in cheap either - believe me on this, I lived in the countryside before in the Kanto region.
我現在在名古屋。這里的年輕人數量相當驚人，仿佛日本幾乎沒有少子問題。年輕人需要在城市中發展，而不是在農村地區，因為城市里有更多高收入的工作機會。 首先要解決的問題是生活成本高，就像現在的韓國和中國一樣，日本人不愿意生孩子，因為日本的一切都非常昂貴。即使你住在鄉下，你的賬單和租金也不便宜——相信我，我在來關東地區前就住在鄉下。
There needs to be a cultural shift in Japan. From my understanding of it, Japan's current overwork culture stems from when it was recovering from WWII.
They've long since rebuilt, but that overwork culture stuck around even to this day. The younger generation picks up on it when there is no need to because they think it's the norm, but then it leads to problems like having no work-life balance to build families, suicides due to the stress, and literally working themselves to death.
They need to get the message out there that it's okay to relax a little bit to enjoy life. If income is an obstacle, they need to fix that to accommodate the shift in lifestyle.
日本需要進行文化轉變。 以我的理解，日本現在的加班文化是從二戰恢復期開始的。
他們早已重建，但這種過度工作的文化甚至一直存在到今天。 年輕一代在沒必要的情況下接受了這種文化，因為他們認為這是常態，但這會導致一些問題，比如無法平衡工作與生活來建立家庭、因壓力而自殺，以及實際上工作到死。
他們需要傳達這樣的信息，那就是放松一點來享受生活是可以的。如果收入是一個障礙，他們需要解決這個問題以適應生活方式的轉變。
Its not all just birthrate, people are moving towards bigger city hubs. It's a trend and Japan just reached that peak before other nations did. There needs to be more jobs and incentive for people to stay or move towards the smaller cities.
不僅僅是出生率，人們正在向更大的城市中心遷移,這是一種趨勢，日本只是先于其他國家之前（這種趨勢）達到了頂峰。需要有更多的工作機會和激勵措施來鼓勵人們留在或搬到較小的城市。
It's also about people moving from the countryside to the city.
And that's not an issue of Japan. It happens everywhere around the globe.
Growing up my parents and grandparents told me I need to learn so I'll get a job in the city. This year the school in my village was closed and the remaining students take the school bus to another school. Most of the people born after 1990 don't live here anymore.
這也和人們從農村搬到城市有關。
這不是日本的問題，這種情況在全球各地都在發生。
在我成長的過程中，我的父母和祖父母告訴我，我需要學習，這樣我才能在城里找到一份工作。今年我們村子里的學校停課，剩下的學生坐校車去另一所學校。 1990 年以后出生的人大部分都不住在這里了。
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Nothing beats traditional life, it is not just in Japan, it happens across Europe and the Northern America.
沒有什么比傳統生活更好的了，這種情況不僅在日本發生，在整個歐洲和北美都存在。
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this is extremely serious , population should not grow at an intense rate but should also not plummet at an intense rate
這是非常嚴重的，人口不應該急劇增長，也不應該急劇下降。
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While some countries in the world are experiencing over population due to high birth rate , some countries are having plummeting birth rate .
當世界上一些國家因高出生率而人口過多時，一些國家的出生率卻直線下降。
This is so bizarre. I've never seen anything like this happening, and I knew about the birth rates in Japan, but not how bad they were getting.
這太奇怪了。我從來沒有見過這樣的事情發生，我知道日本的出生率（很低），但不知道情況變得有多糟糕。
This exactly happens in Korea as well. Low birth rates causes schools in rural area to be closed. To make matters worse, there are number of schools in Seoul are closed due to low number of students. I think birth rate is problem not only to Japan but Korea. I wish both countries cope with this problem.
這種情況也發生在韓國。低出生率導致農村地區的學校關閉。更糟糕的是，首爾有很多學校因學生人數少而關閉。 我認為出生率不僅對日本是個問題，而且對韓國也是個問題。我希望這兩個國家都能解決這個問題。
The intense, rigid working conditions in Japan can have serious consequences for the population. A family needs a happy, healthy home.
日本緊張、僵硬的工作條件可能對民眾造成嚴重后果。 一個家庭需要一個幸福、健康的家。
It does make sense to close, so the state can re-direct funds elsewhere after the two remaining students graduate. Perhaps when children in that community become of the appropriate age to attend middle school, they can attend virtually.
???I said this on someone else’s video here on YouTube, but I think it’s worth repeating… If there are people in Japan that want children or want more children, they can always adopt from other countries???????♀?There are plenty of children from other nations that would appreciate a loving, happy, safe home with kind, sincere, caring parents.
關閉學校確實有意義，這樣在剩下的兩名學生畢業后，當地政府可以將資金重新分配到其他地方。也許當那個社區的孩子到了適合上中學的年齡時，他們就可以虛擬上學了。
我在油管上其他人的視頻中說過這個（建議），但我認為值得在這個視頻下重復一下（我的建議）......如果日本有人想要孩子或想要更多孩子，他們總可以從其他國家領養，有很多來自其他國家的孩子，希望有一個充滿愛心、幸福、安全的家，希望擁有善良、真誠、有愛心的父母。
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As a US teacher 2 students in the classroom sounds like a dream. Over here we have overflowing classrooms and I have to teach 29 second graders by myself ???
作為一名美國教師，課堂上只有2個學生聽起來像是在做夢。（美國）這邊教室人滿為患，我一個人要教29個二年級學生。
The same thing is happening in Denmark although it is not do to falling birthrates but rather urbanization and the lack of available work in rural areas.
同樣的事情正在丹麥發生，盡管這不是因為出生率下降，而是因為城市化和農村地區缺乏工作。
If the work culture does not change this will continue to happen, also they need to move or to invest in starting big businesses in these rural areas, also starting a campaign to incentive financially move to these locations. All the big cities are taking talent away and in such a competitive environment where you need to do your best and work hard there's no time for starting a family.
如果工作文化不改變，這種情況將繼續發生，他們也需要把大企業搬遷到那里，或者在這些農村地區投資開辦大企業，還需要發起一場運動，以從經濟上激勵人們搬到這些地方。所有的大城市都在帶走人才，在這樣一個需要盡最大努力工作的競爭環境中，沒有時間組建家庭。
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The issue is that once there is a population collapse due to low birthrates you can't really fix it for a long time. Each couple needs to have a minimum of 3 kids to fix the issue which is highly unlikely if people are culturally used to not having a lot of kids.
問題是，一旦由于低出生率導致人口崩潰，在很長一段時間內，你就無法真正解決這個問題了。 每對夫婦需要至少有3個孩子才能解決這個問題，如果人們在文化上習慣于沒有很多孩子的話，（解決人口問題）這是極不可能的。
From what I’ve learned about Japan they have a very strict work culture. When your working like crazy you don’t have time for relationships, or even if you do you won’t have time to think about having kids.
根據我對日本的了解，他們有非常嚴格的工作文化。 當你瘋狂地工作時，你沒有時間處理人際關系，或者即使你（有時間進行人際交往），你也沒有時間考慮要孩子。
Hard to have a family and children if both parents are being forced to work long hours away from home.
如果父母都被迫長時間離家工作，是很難有家庭和孩子的。
This is just the way it is in many rural areas across the world. Where I live, more than 20 schools that used to exist don't anymore due to low number of students.
這正是世界上許多農村地區的情況。 我住的地方，過去有20多所學校由于學生人數少而不再存在。
It will be interesting to see how the japanese landscape changes as the overwhelming majority of its population lives Within several metropolitan areas.
隨著絕大多數人口居住在幾個大都市地區，看看日本的景觀如何變化將會很有趣。
This is a far far yet to be a problem here in the Philippines. There are a lot of students even in rural areas that cannot be accomodated by schools due to having fewer classrooms. And in many public schools, classroms are already cramped, sacrificing quality education for everyone. Also, the birth rate is one of the highest in the world. Population decline here is the least to be a concern. ??????
（人口減少）這在菲律賓還遠未成為一個問題。即使在農村地區，也有很多學生因教室少而無法上學。 在許多公立學校，教室已經很擁擠，這犧牲了每個人的教育質量。此外，（菲律賓的）是世界上出生率最高的國家之一。 這里的人口下降是最不值得擔憂的。
原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.minocquamortgage.com 轉載請注明出處
Now it seems like Japan really is facing a devastating crisis. Who knows? If the population plummets further, then you could already imagine how many people will there be left.
現在看來，日本真的面臨著一場毀滅性的危機。 誰知道呢？如果人口進一步減少，那么你已經可以想象還會剩下多少人了。